Ultrasonic sensors work by having 2 small speakers, one being an output, shooting out ultrasonic sound, and the other being an input, acting as a microphone for the sound released by the other speaker. We can take the elapsed time it took for the sound to shoot out and back and divide it by 2 and the speed of sound. We divide it by 2 because it travels there and back again so the elapsed time is double the distance we want to measure.
Servo motors work by having the motor locked to only 180 degrees of rotation and with every degree turned it turns a dial so it always knows the angle it is turned to. So You can tell it to turn to 70 degrees and it will turn clockwise until it reaches the 70-degree mark or the opposite.
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